Mefuta e 10 ea lehoakhoa la polasetiki le ts'ebeliso
Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane:
Lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki li sebelisoa haholo, 'me ho na le mefuta e mengata ea polasetiki e fumanehang kajeno. Ha re arolelane le uena tsebo ea Mefuta e 10 ea lehoakhoa la polasetiki le ts'ebeliso ea tsona
Ho sebetsa hantle moralo le tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki, re tlameha ho utloisisa mefuta le ts'ebeliso ea polasetiki.
Polasetiki ke mofuta oa lik'hemik'hale tse phahameng (macrolecule) tse ntlafalitsoeng ka ho kenyelletsa polymerization kapa polycondensation reaction ka monomer e le lihlahisoa tse tala. Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea polasetiki e nang le thepa e fapaneng, empa ho bonolo ho ba bobebe ka boima ba 'mele, ho bonolo ho e etsa, ho bonolo ho fumana lisebelisoa tse tala le theko e tlase, haholoholo ts'ireletso ea ts'enyeho, ts'ireletso le polokeho ea mocheso e sebelisoa indastering le bophelong ba motho.
Litšobotsi tsa polasetiki:
(1) Likarolo tse kholo tsa thepa e tala ea polasetiki ke polasetiki popeho e bitsoang lehoakhoa.
(2) Polasetiki e na le li-insulation tse ntle tsa motlakase, mocheso le molumo: ho kenya motlakase, ho hanyetsa arc, ho boloka mocheso, ho kenya molumo oa lentsoe, ho monya molumo, ho monya thothomelo, ts'ebetso e ntle ea phokotso ea lerata.
(3), ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso, ka ho bōpa ente, e ka etsoa lihlahisoa tse nang le sebopeho se rarahaneng, boholo bo tsitsitseng le boleng bo botle ka nako e khuts'oane haholo.
(4) Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa polasetiki: ke mofuta oa thepa e nang le lehoakhoa la maiketsetso la polymer (polima) e le karolo ea mantlha, e kenella ka har'a lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa tlatsetso kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tse nang le ts'ebeliso e ikhethileng, e nang le polasetiki le mokelikeli tlasa mocheso o itseng le khatello, e ka bang e bopiloe ka sebopeho se itseng ebe e boloka sebopeho se sa fetohe tlasa maemo a itseng ..
Sehlopha sa polasetiki
Ho latela sebopeho sa limolek'hule tsa lehoakhoa la maiketsetso, lisebelisoa tse tala tsa polasetiki li kenyelletsa li-plastiki tsa thermoplastic le thermosetting: bakeng sa li-plastiki tsa thermoplastic, lisebelisoa tsa polasetiki tse ntseng li le polasetiki kamora ho futhumatsa khafetsa hangata ke PE / PP / PVC / PS / ABS / PMMA / POM / PC / PA le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tloaelehileng tse tala. Thermosetting plastic e bua haholo ka polasetiki e entsoeng ka ho futhumatsa le ho thatafatsa lehoakhoa la maiketsetso, joalo ka polasetiki ea phenolic le polasetiki ea amino. Polymer e entsoe ka limolek'hule tse nyane le tse bonolo (monomer) ka tlamo e kopaneng.
1. Kemiso ho latela litšobotsi tsa lehoakhoa nakong ea ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa
(1) Li-plastiki tsa Thermoset: kamora ho futhumatsa, sebopeho sa limolek'hule se tla kopanngoa ho ba sebopeho sa marang-rang. Hang ha e kopantsoe ho ba polima ea marang-rang, e ke ke ea nolofala leha e qeta ho futhumatsa, e bonts'a seo ho thoeng ke [phetoho e ke keng ea qojoa], e bakoang ke phetoho ea sebopeho sa limolek'hule (phetoho ea lik'hemik'hale).
(2), thermoplastics: e bua ka polasetiki e tla qhibiliha kamora ho futhumatsa, e phallele hlobo bakeng sa ho pholisa le ho etsa, ebe e qhibiliha kamora ho futhumatsa. E ka futhumatsoa le ho pholisoa ho hlahisa [phetoho e ka khutlisoang] (mokelikeli ← → o tiile), e leng phetoho eo ho thoeng ke ea 'mele.
A. Kakaretso polasetiki: Abs, PVC.PS.PE
Plastics ea boenjineri ka kakaretso: PA.PC, PBT, POM, PET
C. Lipolasetiki tse kholo tsa boenjineri: PPS. LCP
Ho latela boholo ba ts'ebeliso, ho na le li-plastiki tse akaretsang tse kang PE / PP / PVC / PS le li-plastiki tsa boenjineri tse kang ABS / POM / PC / PA. Ntle le moo, ho na le li-plastiki tse khethehileng, joalo ka mocheso o phahameng le ho hanyetsa mongobo, ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho le li-plastiki tse ling tse fetotsoeng molemong o khethehileng.
2. Kemiso ka ho sebelisa polasetiki
(1) Polasetiki e akaretsang ke mofuta oa polasetiki e sebelisoang haholo. Tlhahiso ea eona e kholo, e ikarabella hoo e ka bang likotara tse tharo tsa kakaretso ea polasetiki, mme theko ea eona e tlase. E sebelisoa haholo ho etsa litlhoko tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tse nang le khatello ea maikutlo e nyane, joalo ka khetla ea TV, khetla ea mohala, beisine ea polasetiki, moqomo oa polasetiki, jj. E na le kamano e haufi haholo le batho mme e fetohile tšiea ea bohlokoa ea indasteri ea polasetiki. Lipolasetiki tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisoang hangata ke PE, PVC, PS, PP, PF, UF, MF, jj.
(2) Lipolasetiki tsa Boenjiniere Le ha theko ea li-plastiki tse akaretsang e le tlase, thepa ea eona ea mochini, ho hanyetsa mocheso le ho hanela ts'enyeho ho thata ho fihlela litlhoko tsa lisebelisoa tsa sebopeho ho boenjineri le lisebelisoa tse ling. Ka hona, ho entsoe li-plastiki tsa boenjineri. E na le matla le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea mochini, e ka nka lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tšepe kapa tse se nang litšepe, 'me e ka etsa likarolo tsa mochini kapa likarolo tsa khatello ea boenjiniere tse nang le sebopeho se rarahaneng, tse ngata tsa tsona li sebetsang hantle ho feta tsa pele Li-plastiki tsa boenjineri tse tloaelehileng ke PA, ABS, PSF, PTFE, POM le PC.
(3) Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa polasetiki, tse nang le mesebetsi e ikhethileng, li ka sebelisoa liketsahalong tse ikhethileng, joalo ka polasetiki e tsamaisang makenete, polasetiki ea ionomer, lipolasetiki tse nang le perela, li-plastiki tse hlakileng, liplastiki tsa bongaka, jj.
Bōpehileng likarolong tse sa tšoaneng
Ts'ebeliso ea mefuta e 10 ea li-resin tsa polasetiki:
1. Lipolasetiki tse akaretsang
(1) .PP (polypropylene): ho chesa ho na le monko oa peterole, 'mala oa lelakabe ke o moputsoa; metsi a phaphametseng.
Homopolymer PP: translucent, e ka chesa, ho taka terata, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, boto, lihlahisoa tsa letsatsi le letsatsi.
Copolymerized PP: 'mala oa tlhaho, o ka chang, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, lisebelisoa. Ho fetolela lintho ka bongata ka mokhoa o sa reroang PP: e bonaletsang haholo, e ka chang, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, lijana tsa lijo, lihlahisoa tsa ho paka
(2) .ABS (polystyrene butadiene propylene copolymer): khanya e phahameng, mosi o tukang, tatso e nkhang hamonate; metsi a koahetsoeng.
Lisebelisoa tsa ABS tse tala: ho ba thata haholo le ho ba matla, li ka chesa; khetla ea motlakase, poleiti, lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa.
Phetoho ea ABS: eketsa ho tenyetseha le ho tima malakabe, e sa cheng; likarolo tsa likoloi, likarolo tsa motlakase
(3) .PVC (polyvinyl chloride): monko oa chlorine e tukang, botala botlaaseng ba lelakabe; metsi a koahetsoeng.
Tenyetseheng PVC: phahameng matla le thatafala, lelakabe retardant; thepa ea ho haha, liphaephe.
PVC e bonolo: e fetoha le maemo ebile e bonolo ho e sebetsa, ho thata ho e chesa; lintho tsa ho bapala, mesebetsi ea matsoho, mabenyane
2. Lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere
(1) .PC (polycarbonate): lelakabe le mosehla, mosi o motšo, tatso e khethehileng, metsi a koahetsoeng; e thata, ponaletso e phahameng, e bolokang malakabe; mobile digital, CD, e etelletsoeng pele, litlhoko tsa letsatsi le letsatsi.
(2) .PC / ABS (alloy): monko o khethehileng, mosi o mosehla o motšo, metsi a koahetsoeng; ho satalla ho thata, ho soeufala, ho thibela lelakabe; thepa ea motlakase, sesebelisoa sa lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa tsa puisano.
(3) .PA (polyamide PA6, PA66): tlhaho e liehang, mosi o mosehla, monko o tukang oa moriri; ho thatafala, matla a phahameng, ho boloka malakabe; lisebelisoa, likarolo tsa mochini, likarolo tsa motlakase.
(4) .POM (polyformaldehyde): ntlha e tukang e mosehla, pheletsong e ka tlase e putsoa, monko oa formaldehyde; thatafala, matla a phahameng, e ka chang; Gear, likarolo phetha molao.
(5) PMPM (polymethyl methacrylate); tatso e khethehileng ea pungent: khanya e phahameng ea khanya; plexiglass, mesebetsi ea matsoho, mekhabiso, ho paka, ho latela filimi.
3. Elastomer polasetiki
(1) .TPU (polyurethane): tatso e khethehileng; elasticity e ntle, ho tiea le ho itšireletsa, ho chesa habonolo; likarolo tsa mochini, likarolo tsa elektroniki.
(2) .TPE: monko o khethehileng, lelakabe le mosehla; SEBS e fetotsoe, boima ba 'mele bo ka fetoha, thepa e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale, e ka chesang habonolo; lintho tsa ho bapala, mohele oa ente ea bobeli, mekotla ea mochini, lisebelisoa, likarolo tsa likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa lipapali
Ho na le mefuta e mene ea mahlale a polasetiki: bōpa ente, extrusion bōpa, calendering bōpa le ho bōpa. Ente bōpa ke tshebetso ka sehloohong ho fumana sebopeho rarahaneng le sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng boholo likarolo tsa polasetiki. Tlhahiso ea ente e hloka ho itšetleha ka likarolo tse tharo tsa hlobo ea ente, mochini oa ente le lisebelisoa tse tala tsa polasetiki ho phethela sistimi.Mestech e shebana le ho etsa hlobo ea polasetiki ea hlobo ea polasetiki le likarolo tsa polasetiki bakeng sa lilemo tse fetang 10, mme e bokelletse mahlale a mahlale le boiphihlelo. Re inehetse ho u fa mofuta oa tlhahiso ea hlobo le likarolo tsa polasetiki, ka kopo ikopanye le rona.
